Why is My Dog Limping & How to Help

Limping is a common sign of pain in dogs. Our veterinarians in Redmond explain why your dog may be limping, what you can do to help your dog, and when a vet appointment is needed.

Limping in Dogs

Similar to people, dogs can suffer from countless issues that lead to limping. The problem is that, unlike people, dogs can't tell us what happened or how painful their issue is. This means you'll need to try and figure out what's causing your dog's discomfort and how you can help. 

Why is my dog limping?

Here are the three most common conditions we see in dogs that lead to limping. If you believe that your dog may be suffering from any of these issues, it's time to head to the vet:

Cranial Cruciate Ligament Tears 

Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) ruptures and tears are the most common leg injuries in dogs and are typically caused by overexertion in exercises like running and jumping. Certain dog breeds have an increased risk of experiencing this injury, including rottweilers, German shepherds, golden retirevers, Labrador retrievers, and Newfoundlands. 

Luxating Patella 

This injury happens when a dog's patella (kneecap) shifts out of alignment with the femur (thighbone). It's most often diagnosed in small breed dogs like Yorkshire terriers, Pomeranians, and chihuahuas. However, all dog breeds can experience this injury. When the injury occurs in small dogs, it generally happens toward the inside of the limb or medially. It can also happen laterally, but only larger breeds typically experience this type of injury. 

Canine Carpal Hyperextension 

This condition occurs in the forelimb just above a dog's paw and happens when a dog applies excessive force to the carpus joint, triggering its collapse. Signs of this injury include favoring one leg over the other, joint instability, and swelling in the limb. It's most common in active, larger-breed dogs. However, it can still affect smaller breeds. 

Are there other potential reasons my dog may limp?

Your dog's limping may be caused by something minor, like a small stone caught between its toes, or it may point to a serious health concern. Along with the three conditions listed above, here are other common injuries and conditions that may cause your dog to limp:

• Something painful stuck in one of their paws
• An insect bite or sting on a leg or foot
• Strains or tears (ligaments, tendons, muscles)
• Trauma, such as broken bones
• Osteoarthritis joint pain in hips, legs, or feet
• Infectious diseases, such as Lyme disease
• Inflammatory conditions
• Vascular conditions such as aortic thromboembolism

Veterinary Emergencies 

The following circumstances are veterinary emergencies. If your veterinary emergency occurs outside of standard vet hours, take your dog to the nearest emergency animal hospital to ensure they get the care they need.

• A broken limb (will be at an irregular angle)
• A dangling limb (this indicates dislocation)
• Any moderate to severe swelling
• Limbs that feel hot to the touch
• Limping in combination with a fever
• Sudden paralysis and pain in the rear legs

When Not to Worry About Your Dog's Limping 

If your dog's limp is new and mild and they have no other signs of injury, it's okay to make sure they rest for a few days to see if the signs improve. If your pooch has been limping for more than 48 hours with no signs of improvement, it's time to contact your veterinarian. 

How to Help a Limping Dog

Seeing your dog limp can be distressing, and it's important to address the issue promptly to ensure your furry friend gets the care they need. Here are some steps to help a limping dog:

1. Assess the situation: First, determine the severity of the limp. Observe your dog's behavior and try to identify which leg is affected. Look for signs of pain, such as whining, reluctance to move, or licking the affected area.
2. Examine the leg & paw: Gently examine your dog's leg and paw. Check for any obvious signs of injury, such as cuts, swelling, or foreign objects like thorns or splinters. Be careful not to press too hard, which can cause additional pain.
3. Restrict movement: If your dog is limping, limit their movement to prevent further injury. Keep your pup confined, and avoid letting them run or jump. Use a leash when taking them outside for bathroom breaks.
4. Apply first aid: For minor injuries: If you find a small cut or abrasion, clean it with mild antiseptic and apply a bandage if necessary. Keep an eye on it for signs of infection. If swelling or bruising occurs, apply a cold compress to the affected area to reduce swelling. Wrap ice in a towel and hold it against the limb for 10-15 minutes.
5. Provide comfort & support: Provide your dog with a soft bed or blanket to rest on. Offer gentle reassurance and keep your dog calm to avoid further stress.
6. Monitor for improvement: Observe your dog's condition over the next 24-48 hours. If the limp is mild and your dog seems to be improving, restrict their activity until they are fully recovered.

Diagnosing the Cause of Your Dog's Limp 

If the limp persists for more than 24-48 hours, worsens, or if your dog shows signs of severe pain, it’s essential to seek emergency veterinary care. A veterinarian can conduct a thorough examination and diagnostic testing, possibly including X-rays, to diagnose the underlying issue and recommend appropriate treatment.

Treatment for Limping in Dogs

The treatment options your veterinarian recommends will depend on the underlying cause of your dog's limping. Treatment may involve:

• Medication (pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs)
• Surgery for severe injuries like torn ligaments or fractures
• Physical therapy to improve mobility and strengthen weak muscles
• Weight management to ensure your dog maintains a healthy weight, which will help reduce stress on their joints. 

Preventing Future Injuries

To prevent future limping due to injury, maintain your dog's overall health with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and routine check-ups. Monitor your dog's activity to avoid injuries and ensure its living environment is safe and free from hazards.

Taking these actions can help your limping dog recover and return to its happy, active self. Where injuries or illnesses are concerned, timely intervention and proper care are key to ensuring your dog's health and well-being.

Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.